Geography Fieldwork. To Delimit the Central Business District of Newcastle upon Tyne Essay Example

Topography Fieldwork. To Delimit the Central Business District of Newcastle upon Tyne Essay Example Topography Fieldwork. To Delimit the Central Business District of Newcastle upon Tyne Essay Topography Fieldwork. To Delimit the Central Business District of Newcastle upon Tyne Essay Newcastle is situated in the north East of England (as appeared in map 1). Newcastle upon Tyne is situated in the middle of Sunderland and Northumberland and is arranged along the River Tyne. Newcastle is a significant business and retail city yet it has not generally been. In the medieval period and late eighteenth century Newcastle had a very surprising capacity as a city. Today where the current Quayside stands utilized for Leisure and Entertainment intentions was recently utilized as a port for Import, Export and Travel purposes.From on the banks adjacent to the Quayside, mostly St Nicholas Street and Dean Street was recently utilized fore Defense as Gallagate city dividers and the Castle or arranged at the highest point of these. Presently this territory is likewise utilized for Leisure and Entertainment. Markets were additionally utilized, for example, the Groat, Bigg, Cloth, Green and Grainger markets and today these are as yet utilized as Retail (Markets) ands likewise Entert ainment, (for example, the bars and clubs arranged along the Bigg Market).For use to have the option to delimit the CBD we should initially have the option to see a few attributes of a Central Business District or CBDs. In a CBD we would hope to discover taller structures than in a private or modern territory. This is Due to the way that land esteems in the CBD would be high because of rivalry for space. Likewise we would hope to see traffic limitations, for example, One-Way boulevards, No leaving, No access and Bus paths as it were. Additionally there would be some pediestrianised territories and Specialist and Department stores in the CBD. You would likewise discover not many or no neighborhoods in the CBD.Aim.My Aim is to Delimit the Central Business District of Newcastle Upon Tyne by utilizing four techniques for information assortment; land use proportion, building tallness, traffic limitations and person on foot counts.Method.Because we had such a brief timeframe to gather our outcomes in we were part into gatherings and assigned various avenues to gather information on. For our strategies for information assortment we utilized land use proportion, building tallness, traffic limitations and walker relies on central avenues in Newcastle upon Tyne.For our property use proportion strategy for assortment we initially needed to work out land employments of the individual structures in Newcastle. We did this by utilizing urge maps of Newcastle and we utilized a key of S for shops and O for workplaces. We needed to choose what precisely was a shop or an office. We just utilized the ground floor land use and we went to a choice that on the off chance that something that need clearly a shop, for example, a coffeehouse, at that point in the event that it sold something it was a shop e.g.; a trip specialists. We concluded that bars and neglected structures would be under that classification of other and whatever else e.g.; bank would be classed as an office. We at that point took this key and strolled around Newcastle plotting our outcomes on a drive map.For our structure stature strategy for assortment we basically took a spur map and at each expanding in the city in Newcastle we checked the quantity of floors from the outside of the structure and thought of them down on the guide. For our traffic limitations we likewise utilized a urge guide and we essentially strolled down every road in Newcastle and searched about for any traffic limitations including twofold and single yellow lines, pedestrianized territories, one way lanes, transport just paths, no access and no stopping signs.For our person on foot tallies we basically took a point on each road and for 5 minutes checked the quantity of individuals strolling past us. We just did this for the individuals nearest to us as whatever else would prompt disarray. We at that point recorded the number on the map.We utilized this strategies for information assortment in light of the fact that the se were the most precise, the quickest and the least demanding techniques to utilize. As we just had about three hours to finish the technique for assortment in we required the snappiest method to do this. We likewise needed to consider a portion of the physical limits of Newcastle to settle on where to gather out information. We were unable to make our information assortment any further North than the Town moor as this is an area of greenbelt land stops us assortment any information from here. We could just go as far East as the A167M Central Motorway as this keeps us from taking any assortments from that point. We were unable to go any further South due to the River Tyne, which forestalls us getting any information further. We were unable to go any further West than St James Boulevard, which forestalls us getting any information further.Results.As we were in bunches we just had a guide of the roads our gathering was doing. At the point when we returned to class we needed to assemb le every one of our outcomes on one single guide. We did this despite everything utilizing Goad maps.For our territory esteems map we hued in the individual structure utilizing a shading key as follows. Green was speaking to an other classification building e.g.; abandoned land, Red speaking to a shop e.g.; a bistro and blue speaking to an office e.g.; legal advisors. We at that point took a gander at the guide and from where the hues were arranged we had the option to work out a CBD. Where the proportion of shops to workplaces where 3:1 we accepting that as the CBD. We had the option to draw our first CBD plot from this guide. We rejected territories, for example, from out CBD in light of the fact that there were a larger number of workplaces than shops here.For our structure tallness weFor our traffic limitation map we just drew on any traffic limitation we had recorded, for example, twofold yellow lines we set apart on the road two yellow lines running a similar length as they di d. We set apart on all traffic limitations with their right sign on a prod map. We were then ready to work out a CBD from this by the key and seeing where the traffic limitations turned out to be less incessant. Where there were a high number of traffic limitations we classed this as the CBD.For our person on foot tally we basically composed the quantity of individuals on a drive map where we halted to do our passerby tally. We could then observe where the quantities of individuals diminished this is the place we drew our CBD boundary.Analysis.For us to have one last CBD limit we initially expected to make a CBD diagram from our information assortment seperatly. We did this a the CBD plots were not the equivalent for each. This is on the grounds that various things were affectng this as they were seperate strategies for assortment. We initially did our CBDs seperatly. This avoided about no different lanes, for example, Strawberry Place, Forth Street, Durant Road and Sandyford Road. This was on the grounds that starting here on a significant number of the variables were diminishing, for example, building tallness and the quantity of walkers in the area.Conclusion.We have had the option to delimit the CBD sucsessfully. Since we filled in as a gathering and as seperate bunches we needed to come to choices about certian components and I imagine that out thoughts were not no different. For instance when we disscused the isssue of land use in class we desided on that shops would incorporate whatever sold somthing so a trip specialists could likewise come into this catagory in light of the fact that they sold occasions. In any case, when we got once again into the study hall somebody had said that trip specialists was an office so a few people may have shaded in an inappropriate thing. This additionally occurred with bars since certain individuals were putting them under the catagory of shop insted of Other. This was just disarray in the land use and no other catagor y.Limitations.Some of the issues with the manner in which we gathered the information are that we just took a gander at the land utilization of the base floor while a few structures had a shop or other structure on it.When we did our territory utilizes we as a whole had various thoughts of what was a shop and an office. To improve this we could have recorded it precisely to aviod confucion. Likewise when we did our walker checks it was difficult to keep an exact rely on a bustling road and disarray occured in light of the fact that individuals were strolling past you in various ways. With our structure tallness tallies you can't generally tell what number of floors the acctuall building had as we were simply tallying the windows on the structure and a few stories ay not have had windows where we were counting.The way were introduced the information was likewise an issue. For instance on out pedesrian checks it was difficult to tell the nubers on the guide since we had wroye them ver y little and there was no shading on the guide to immidiatly observe where the sequential numbers were. Different strategies we could have used to expand and gather our information could be land esteems for the CBD yet we were unable to do this as the land esteems are difficult to acquire. We likewise could have utilized traffic considers however we didn't have ver much time we exclued this as this would have been tedious and hard.

7 Small Ways Spouses Can Stay Connected

7 Small Ways Spouses Can Stay Connected More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse When youve been in a relationship for a long time, its easy to start to feel disconnected. The things that once made you feel excited and important now seem routine. The words that your partner once whispered quietly in your ear have faded away. The ordinary moments of each day are no longer as special or fresh as they once were. No matter how long you and your spouse have been together, it is important to try to rekindle the romance and nurture your marriage. One way that you can help your relationship move from strained to fantastic is to start by using simple words and gestures that say help you stay emotionally connected to your partner. 1. Use Nicknames Do not be afraid to use pet nicknames with your partner. Even if youve never used a nickname before, sometimes something as simple as calling your loved one Baby or Sweetie can make him feel special. If your wife looks pretty one day, consider calling her Hottie or Sexy. There’s no need to feel silly when you use pet names with your partner. In fact, many adults find that nicknames are a very effective way that you can convey your interest and attraction to your partner. 2. Use Verbal Affirmations Another important way that you can demonstrate your affection is to try to be verbally affirming. For many individuals, learning how to say something positive to a partner can be tricky. If youve been fighting recently, your spouse might feel like your compliment is backhanded or that youre teasing her. Make sure that you are very specific in your compliment and that your tone is even, calm, and gentle. For example, you could say, I love that dress on you. The color is really flattering with your skin tone. Another option would be to point out, I loved listening to you read a story to the kids. Youre a really great dad. 3. Do a Chore or Task If there is a chore that your spouse hates doing, why not surprise him by taking care of it yourself? Something as simple as taking out the garbage, taking your dog for a walk, or even cleaning the dinner dishes can convey your love to your partner. Keep in mind that when you try to use a kind gesture to show your love, you need to avoid bringing up the topic later on. If youre going to be kind, do so without expecting reciprocation or thanks. While your partner certainly should thank you, never do something kind just to receive his praise. 4. Send a Text Message Just Because Send a loving text during the day for no reason other than to check in on your spouse. No need to talk about who’s picking up the kids or what’s for dinner. Just a simple “hi” and a message that you are thinking about them and just wanted to check in. 5. Give a Random Hug Give a hug for no reason and when it is unexpected. Hugs are guaranteed to be heartwarming. Giving a hug at random will send the message that you are caring and thoughtful. It is also an excellent way to show affection. 6. Plan Something New to Do Together The novelty will help keep the spark alive in your marriage. Doing a new experience together gets the bonding hormones flowing. But, go further with this and take the initiative to plan something for you both. Remember back when you were dating, this was a non-issue. Remember, you still need to date your spouse! 7. Affirm Your Spouse’s Point of View You should always try to see your spouses point of view. If youre arguing, having a difficult time getting along, or just having an ordinary disagreement, try to put yourself in his shoes. While its normal to disagree, demonstrating that you understand what hes trying to say can go a long way in showing respect and love for your partner. Ask curious and insightful questions so that you can understand where your partner is coming from. Then let him or her know you “get it!” A Word From Verywell These tips are designed to help you connect more on a day to day basis with your spouse. Most of these suggestions are small, easy tasks you can do without much effort. If some of these are new and not the usual way you behave, take a chance, and try them out. The response (and hopefully reciprocation) will make you glad you did so. You will be sending the message that you are thinking about and appreciate your spouse and your marriage.

My Stressful Situation and Relief Techniques - Free Essay Example

It was September 3rd, 2012. I had been living in Germany for a little under a year when I first became a student at Montessori Schule Clara Grunwald. This school was completely German speaking, a language that I had very little prior knowledge of. My German capabilities were limited to a few numbers, and colors. Being immersed in a new school is a stressful event, let alone being immersed in one that is foreign, and non-English speaking. As a 10-year-old, the transition was one that I had welcomed, however I did not realize the extent of the stress that I would be under. Stress is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as, â€Å"A state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances.† In my case, I was mentally drained due to the demanding, and completely new environment that I found myself in. Imagine being plucked from comfort, and from normality, and then being thrown into foreign experiences, and a new life, in complete ignorance. I did not know the language, or the culture of the German people, but the real struggle, and stress started the moment I entered the school. There were people my age who I could not communicate with, and who did not understand what I was feeling. I did willingly, and quite eagerly, want to learn German, but it just couldn’t come fast enough. This waiting, and high anticipation for something that would take time, caused me to become nervous, and to lose faith in myself. I had an unrealistic expectation of how long it would take me to become fluent in the language, and c omfortable at the school, thus creating stress. Most would agree that everyone encounters some form of stress daily. The question is, how can it be dealt with? The American Institute of Stress found in a study that mental health is in fact improved through participation in physical activity, such as sports, or exercise (Rosch). In Germany, I was a member of a swim team, which allowed me to relieve the stress of the day after school. I was unaware at the time how much the activity helped me to get through stress, but looking back, I am not what would have happened if it had not been for my daily swim. Another stress relieving technique is finding a quiet place, and cooling down by taking multiple deep breaths. This technique is one of the oldest in the book, but it was recommended especially for young people by Michael Eisen, founder of Youth Wellness Network (Stress Relief). He describes this technique as an â€Å"in-the-moment† stress reliever. During my first month at the German school, my fifth-grade class was studying the 16 states of Germany. As there were 16 students in the class, each of us was assigned a state, and required to present a poster. I remember being frightened at the prospect of presenting in German to the whole class, but I prepared, and studied heavily. When it came time for me to present, I looked out at everyone in the class, lifted my notes, and began, as best I could, my presentation on the state of Saxon (Sachson). I had tried to keep it simple by sticking to short sentences, but by mid presentation, a wave of stress hit me, and I began sobbing. Multiple students jumped up, and murmured what I assume were soothing words, but because I could not understand them, it just added to my stress. I left the room crying, and when I entered the empty hall, I realized that it was a perfect space to just breath. I took multiple deep breaths, and was able to calm myself down enough to reenter the classroom, and finish my presentation, as best I could. The presentation break-down resulted from an in-the-moment type stress. However, I have also noticed that there is a constant stress, a stress that sticks around, and that builds up over time if not relieved. The daily stress of trying to communicate with my peers in Germany was a constant stress. Every now and then, it would build up enough that I would seek someone out, just to cry and vent. Although venting may not seem like a great stress reliever, for me it truly helped. I was able to put the situation into perspective, and realize that my stress would be relieved, if only for time. That epiphany was a comfort to me, as were the words of the people I vented to. As psychologist Ethan Schafer, PhD, simply states in a magazine titled, Stress Relief, â€Å"Reach out to others for support.† I did reach out for support, and my stress was tremendously reduced as a result of that. The constant stress of my situation weighed me down, but through venting, and reaching out, I was ab le to overcome my struggles. Stress is an overwhelming, and uncomfortable feeling that everyone experiences. It is something that cannot be cast aside, because it will build up and continue to weigh you down. Numerous stress relieving techniques exist, but in the end, it comes down to what works best for you. I found that physical activity, deep breaths, and support from others helps me to relieve my stress. These techniques got me through a stressful patch in my first couple of months at a German school. By the fourth month, I experienced little to no stress, and was able to communicate, as well as understand, German. By the first year, I was considered fluent in the German language, and by the end of the second year, my pronunciation was indistinguishable from that of the native German kids. I would not have accomplished this if it was not for my persistence, and for my stress relieving techniques that allowed me to be so persistent, and ambitious. Stress is tough, but stress relieving techniques not only exis t, but are effective, as my personal experience demonstrates. Works Cited Rosch, Paul J. â€Å"Management.† The American Institute of Stress, 19 Jan. 2017, www.stress.org/military/combat-stress/management/. â€Å"Stress | Definition of Stress in English by Oxford Dictionaries.† Oxford Dictionaries | English, Oxford Dictionaries, en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/stress. Stress relief. Camping Magazine, May-June 2014, p. 6. General OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A399572116/GPS?u=lom_1654sid=GPSxid=57191549. Accessed 4 Dec. 2017.

Analysis of ICICI bank and Bank of Rajasthan merger - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1122 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Analysis of ICICI bank and Bank of Rajasthan merger– Reasons for the deal The promoter group of the Bank of Rajasthan (BoR) had been under immense pressure from regulatory authorities to restructure the Bank due to a variety of problems from 2009 onwards. RBI levied a penalty of INR25 lakhs in February, 2010 for a series of violations including extension of repayment period over permissible limits on intra-day overdraft, irregularities in the accounts of corporate groups, deletion of corporate records from the information systems , irregular property deals, actions against money laundering norms, and poor corporate governance. Further, the RBI nominated 5 directors for the Bank and appointed a new CEO. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis of ICICI bank and Bank of Rajasthan merger" essay for you Create order Tayal family decided to merge BoR with ICICI Bank due to these regulatory actions. ICICI Bank was also looking for a target to increase their customer base and geographical reach in northern India. Important dates in ICICI Bank- Bank of Rajasthan Merger – Corporate Profile of ICICI Bank ICICI Limited was incorporated in the year 1955 by joint efforts of the Government of India, World Bank and representatives of the Indian Banking Industry’s. However, ICICI Bank was established in 1994. ICICI Bank had around 2000 branches in May 2010. An extensive range of Product and services offered by ICICI though diverse delivery channels are personal banking, corporate banking, retail banking, commercial banking, NRI banking, asset management, investment banking, finance and insurance, mortgages, credit cards. Merger experience: Since 2000, ICICI bank has been using mergers as a strategy to expand its geographical coverage, customer base and to meet regulatory req uirements. Merger with BoR is the 4th acquisition by ICICI Bank. Corporate Profile of Bank of Rajasthan The bank of Rajasthan was established in 1943. In the year ended March 31st, 2010, it had asset base of INR17,300.06 crores and it incurred net loss of Rs. 102.13 crores. The bank had around 463 branches spread across India. It also had 67 onsite and 29 offsite ATMs. The bank provides range of products and services in 3 segments including treasury operations, Banking operations and residuals. Glimpse of the Banks Merger Details Branches of Bank of Rajasthan will function as branches of ICICI Bank. A holder of 118 shares of BOR will be given 25 shares of the combined entity. Existing products of BoR will continue with same charges and features. Customers will get services as per existing procedures of Bank of Rajasthan. 58 branches of a regional rural bank sponsored by BOR will also be transferred to ICICI in addition to the other 468 branches. Negatives – BoR’s non-performing loans are a source of significant risk for the combined entity. As in FY-10 the net worth of BoR was approximately Rs. 760 crore and that of ICICI Bank Rs. 51,700 crore. For December 2009 quarter, BoR reported loss of Rs. 44 crore on an income of Rs.373 crore. Table 1 ICICI Bank offered to pay 188.42 rupees per share, in an all-share deal, for Bank of Rajasthan, a premium of 89 percent to the small lender, valuing the business at $668 million. The BoR approved the deal, which was subject to regulatory agreement. Strategic fit A merger will substantially increase the value of the firm only when there is a proper integration of strategic, financial, economic and organizational aspects. These factors are directly correlated to the performance of the firm after the merger. However, there should be proper strategic fit for a successful integration. Strategic similarity index gives the distance between banks by difference in the k ey strategic variables Table 2 Strategic Variables ICICI Bank (in %) Bank of Rajasthan (in %) Return on loan 12.71 16.30 Liquidity ratio 49.85 48.15 Financial leverage 14.21 5.40 Cost to income ratio (CIR) 87.86 106.86 Efficiency ratio 34.85 38.09 Loan to deposit ratio 89.71 55.31 CRAR 19.41 7.75 NPA 1.88 1.60 Source: Annual reports of the banks, Note: Calculations are based on secondary data Relative size of the target bank is a significant determinant of post-merger performance. A smaller size of BoR compared with ICICI implies easier integration, limited or no overlapping of branches, sharing of technology, etc. BoR’s CIR stands at 106% (including fee expenses) which show that their expenses exceed income. While ICICI Bank’s CIR stood at 87.87 % (including fee expenses). Financial leverage of ICICI Bank is higher than BoR which implies ICICI Bank has higher fixed expence obligations in terms of interest. The net NPA of the target bank is 1.6% against ICICI’s 1.87% but, in Capital Adequacy Ratio, the situation is worse for BoR. ICICI Bank has a strong CRAR of 19.4% against 9% prescribed by RBI and Basel II norms, whereas BoR’s CRAR is 7.74% which may harm the post-merger performance. BoR’s non-interest expenses (efficiency ratio) are more but, their earnings diversity (non- interest income) is better than ICICI Bank which may offs et in effect. The earnings diversification strategy indicates the bank’s exposure to the components of revenue other than interest income. Merger Announcement, Share Price Movements and Shareholding Pattern Changes The deal appears more favourable to BoR since their shareholders gained almost 90% between 07.05.2010 (the start of merger negotiations) and 23.05.2010 (Board Meeting approval). Swap ratio and relevant closing prices of banks Particulars ICICI Bank Bank of Rajasthan Swap ratio 1:4.72 ( 25:118) Price before a day of merger announcement 901.10 82.85 Price on the day of merger announcement 809.20 99.45 Price after a day of merger announcement 824.45 99.45 Source: Economic Times and website of NSE On February 26th, the closing price of BoR’s scrip was 61.8 and on 6th May, it was 84.7. This is the period where the bank faced serious actions from the regulators. During this period, the bank’s scrip value appreciated by 20.9% against the Bank Nifty return of 9.9%. Share price movement of Bank of Rajasthan February 26 to May 6 On May 6th, BoR’s scrip was at 84.7 and ICICI Bank was traded at 902.85. On May 17th, ICICI Bank and BoR recorded a price of 901.1 and 82.25 respectively. It indicates that merger negotiation has a zero effect on the price of merging entities. The Bank Nifty return for the period was 2.7%. Share price movement of BoR and ICICI Bank after the merger announcement (May 17 to June 28) On June 24th, BoR filed the information about the merger to the Bombay Stock Exchange. On May 16th, BoR’s price was 82.85. After the announcement of the merger, it shot up drastically to 99.45, 119.35, 131.30, 144.45, 158.9, and 162.3 on May 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21th and 24th respectively. On the contrary, ICICI’s price reduced from 901.10 to 809.35. During the period, BoR gained about 77%, whereas ICICI lost 1.7% of its value. It is interesting to note that Bank Nifty showed a decline of 4.6 % during this period. Short term wealth creation of BoR can be read in line with the valuation and fixation of swap ratio. The indicative price agreed by both the banks was 188 per share. In the light of the present analysis, it can be concluded that there was not much vulnerability in the prices during the negotiation period. But, after the announcement, BoR’s share price adjusted almost to the price offered by ICICI.

Human trafficking in Haiti - 735 Words

Despite the fact that there is some governmental action towards human trafficking, it still exists in Haiti at a high rate. There are many factors contributing towards the continued existence of human trafficking in the country of Haiti; there are local, as well as outside factors that have helped to increase it in the region. Some of the local factors are; poverty, unemployment, illiteracy and poor education, a history of physical and sexual abuse, homelessness, drug abuse, gang membership, and the border with the Dominican Republic. The outside factors include high demand for modern slaves such as; domestic servants, sex workers, agricultural and factory workers around the world, governmental and economical crisis and disinterest ,natural disasters, machismo, corruption, and restrictive immigration policies in other countries (Seelke, 2013 p.4) Per the Haiti partners organization, the gross national income in Haiti is US $660, about half the total for Nicaragua which is the second poorest country in Latin America. At the same time, about 78% of Haitians are poor, they earn less than two US dollars a day, and about 54% live in extreme poverty with only one dollar per day. With that amount of money they barely have enough for clothing or food let alone education. Poverty has other consequences on the community such as, illiteracy and poor education. The estimated annual school cost is about $131 per children which is high enough for students not to attend school. 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How Much Does It Really Cost to Apply to College

The cost of applying to college will often involve much more than the application fee, and it isnt unusual for a student applying to selective colleges to spend well over $1,000 before ever setting foot in a college classroom. Standardized test registration fees, score reporting fees, and travel for college visits all contribute to the total cost of the application process. College Application Fees: Nearly all colleges charge a fee for applying. The reasons for this are two-fold. If applying was free, the college would get a lot of applications from applicants who arent very serious about attending. This is particularly true with the Common Application that makes it so easy to apply to multiple schools. When colleges get lots of applications from students who arent overly interested in attending, its hard for the admissions folks to predict the yield from the applicant pool and accurately reach their enrollment goals. The other reason for the fees is an obvious financial one. Application fees help cover the expenses of running the admissions office. As an example, the University of Florida got 29,220 applicants in 2015. With an application fee of $30, thats $876,000 that can go towards admissions costs. That may seem like a lot of money, but realize that the typical school spends thousands of dollars for each student it enrolls (admissions staff salaries, travel, mailings, software costs, fees paid to SAT and ACT for names, consultants, Common Application fees, etc). College fees can vary significantly. A few schools such as St. Johns College in Maryland have no fee. More common is a fee in the range of $30 to $80 depending on the type of school. The countrys most selective colleges and universities tend to be on the upper end of that range. Yale, for example, has an $80 application fee. If we assume an average cost of $55 per school, an applicant applying to ten colleges will have $550 in costs for fees alone. The Cost of Standardized Tests: If youre applying to selective colleges, chances are youll be taking several AP exams as well as the SAT and/or ACT. Youre likely to take the SAT or ACT even if youre applying to test-optional colleges  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  schools tend to use the scores for course placement, scholarships, and NCAA reporting requirements even if they dont use the scores in the actual admissions process. Ive written in detail about the cost of the SAT and cost of the ACT in other articles. In short, the SAT costs $46 which includes the first four score reports. If you apply to more than four schools, additional score reports are $12. The ACT costs are similar in 2017-18: $46 for the exam with four free score reports. Additional reports are $13. So the very minimum youll pay for the SAT or ACT is $46 if youre applying to four or fewer colleges. Much more typical, however, is a student who takes the exam more than once and then applies to six to ten colleges. If you need to take SAT Subject Tests, your cost will be even higher. Typical SAT/ACT costs tend to be between $130 and $350 (even more for students who take both the SAT and the ACT). Advanced Placement exams add more money to the equation unless your school district covers the cost. Each AP exam costs $93. Most students applying to highly selective colleges take at least four AP classes, so it isnt unusual for AP fees to be several hundred dollars. The Cost of Travel: Its possible, of course, to apply to colleges without ever traveling. Doing so, however, isnt advisable. When you visit a college campus, you get a much better feel for the school and can make a much more informed decision when choosing a school. An overnight visit  is an even better way to figure out if a school is a good match for you. Visiting campus is also a good way to demonstrate your interest and can actually improve your chances of being admitted. Travel, of course, costs money. If you go to a formal open house, the college is likely to pay for your lunch, and if you do an overnight visit, your host will swipe you into the dining hall for meals. However, the costs of meals traveling to and from the college, the cost of operating your car (typically over $.50 per mile), and any lodging expenses will fall on you. For example, if you do an overnight visit at a college that isnt near your home, your parents are likely to need a hotel for the night. So what is travel likely to cost? Its really impossible to predict. It can be almost nothing if you apply only to a couple local colleges. It can be well over a thousand of dollars if you apply to colleges on both coasts or go on a long road trip with lots of hotel stays. Additional Costs: Ambitious students who have the means often spend far more on the application process than Ive outlined above. An ACT or SAT prep course will cost hundreds of dollars, and a private college coach can cost thousands of dollars. Essay editing services are also not cheap, especially when you realize that you may have over  a dozen different essays with each schools supplements. A Final Word on the Cost of Applying to College: At a bare minimum, youre going to pay at least $100 to take the SAT or ACT and apply to a local college or two. If youre a high-achieving student applying to 10 highly selective colleges in a wide geographic area, you could easily be looking at $2,000 or more in costs for application fees, exam fees, and travel. Ive encountered many students who spend more than $10,000 applying to schools because they hire a college consultant, fly to schools for visits, and take numerous standardized tests. The application process, however, does not need to be prohibitively expensive. Both colleges and the SAT/ACT have fee waivers for low-income students, and things such as consultants and expensive travel are luxuries, not necessities.

Role Of Monopolies And Restrictive Trade Practices Essay

(A CRITICAL ANALYSIS) BY: SUDHIR KUMAR DWIVEDI (Assistant Professor, Law) (Jaipur National University, Jaipur) E-mail: adv.skdwwivedi@gmail.com Mob. No. 09013456805, 07240503103 During economic reforms of 1990 it was observed that monopolies and restrictive trade practices (MRTP) has become outdated in context to international economic development relating to competition law and a new law which may reduce monopolies and promote competition , is required. After 1990s India witnessed a drastic increase in international trade law. During this period there was great increase in the volume and value of trade in goods and services, in cross border merger and acquisition (ME) and in foreign and direct investment. By passing of time restriction on foreign direct investment (FDI) were reduced. however Competition Act has come into force to replace Monopolies and restrictive trade practice (MRTP) Act ,1969. 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